Master the 2025 HVAC AC Challenge – Level 2 Module (03206) Awaits!

In an AC circuit, impedance (denoted as Z) represents the total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It incorporates both resistance (R) and reactance (X), which can further include inductive reactance (X_L) and capacitive reactance (X_C).

The correct formula for calculating the impedance in this context is given by the equation Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²). This formula aligns with the principles of vector addition in AC circuits, where resistance and reactance are considered perpendicular to each other in the complex plane.

In this scenario, R represents the resistive part, while (X_L - X_C) accounts for the net reactance, indicating the difference between the inductive and capacitive reactance. Since resistance and reactance are orthogonal, the Pythagorean theorem applies, resulting in the square root of the sum of the squares of R and the net reactance. This relationship allows for a comprehensive understanding of how these components interact in an alternating current circuit, thus providing an accurate impedance calculation.

Through this equation, engineers and technicians can effectively analyze and design circuits to ensure proper function under alternating current conditions, impacting everything from system efficiency